Trends and determinants of post-integration agricultural transformation in Poland and Bulgaria

Agricultural transformation in Poland and Bulgaria, both characterized by unique farm structures compared to the old EU, has been a policy challenge for Common Policy (CAP) even before integration. Eurostat Comtrade data over 2000 2016/2017 have used analyse agricultural restructuring at level, relating it growth trends agro-processing units eventually competitiveness exports trade specialization. CAP payment instruments, especially DPs influenced restructuring, farming practices income Bulgaria. Distinctive evolved that caused polarization productivity. Large farms are main beneficiaries of aids this continues agro-industry sector as well. Multinational agro-firms, though insignificant number found monopolise agro-based production almost all food processing sub-sectors member countries. In terms indices, export specialization agri-commodities reduced members 2000-2017, shares processed commodities with increased while Bulgaria gained medium-processing capabilities. For implications, small need form producer groups coordinate producers increase firm level The subsidiarity principle new can be utilized states facilitate this.